The Amendment Of The Fourteenth Amendment - 1438 Words

On January 31st, 1865, the 13th amendment was passed by congress. This amendment said that no one, not even those of differing colors, could be held as slaves (with the exception of prisoners). In short, this amendment freed the black slaves (and other races) of enslavement. Unfortunately though, the black slaves were never truly â€Å"free† for well over 100 years, as after the passing of the 13th amendment, they were repeatedly persecuted against, most notably in the southern United States. Furthermore, Mississippi never submitted the required paperwork to ratify the 13th amendment until February 7th, 2013 (Waldron, â€Å"Mississippi Officially Abolishes Slavery†, 2013). Fortunately though, slavery would still have been illegal even if Mississippi†¦show more content†¦In states such as South Carolina, the â€Å"Black Codes† were adjusted to prohibit the Black community from holding any job other than Farmer or Servant (â€Å"Black Codes†, 2010). Other states allowed a Black person to be beaten should they fail to sign or renew a â€Å"Labor Contract† (â€Å"Black Codes†, 2010). Worst of all though, Apprenticeship laws allowed for children to be used as free labor, mainly for plantation owners (â€Å"Black Codes†, 2010). Fortunately, those in the Northern States disapproved of the â€Å"Black Codes† and wanted them to be abolished (â€Å"Reconstruction†, 2009/†Black Codes†, 2010). The United States Congress agreed with the public and quickly introduced the â€Å"Civil Rights Act† (â€Å"Reconstruction†, 2009/†Black Codes†, 2010). Despite President Andrew Johnson vetoing the bill, Congress managed to override the veto and put the bill into law (â€Å"Reconstruction†, 2009/†Black Codes†, 2010). As soon as the bill was officially signed, the US government took control of the Southern Reconstruction. As a result of the government interve ning in the Reconstruction Era, Southern Blacks were soon elected into government offices, including Congressional Seats (â€Å"Reconstruction†, 2009/†Black Codes†, 2010). Unfortunately, thanks to the US Government’s involvement in the Reconstruction Era, white supremacist groups were created, most notably the Ku Klux Klan, or the KKK for short. While it was originally founded in 1866 as a group dedicated to stopping Blacks fromShow MoreRelatedThe Amendment Of The Fourteenth Amendment1416 Words   |  6 PagesRepublican of Ohio had long been a believer in the idea of equal protection of the laws for all people, and was one of the leaders of the effort to pass the Fourteenth Amendment. While aware of the need to prove the constitutionality of the Civil Rights Act with the Fourteenth Amendment, Bingham did not actually believe that the Fourteenth Amendment created any new rights. Rather, he believed that it created a new understanding of rights already i n the Constitution. Bingham maintained that, â€Å"The†¦equalRead MoreThe Amendment Of The Fourteenth Amendment1875 Words   |  8 PagesThe Fourteenth Amendment stopped unlawful actions by states. It also gave Congress the power to enforce the amendment through new laws that benefited and were fair to everyone. The Fourteenth Amendment represents part of the extension of the power of the national government over the states. It has been cited in more court cases than any other part of the Constitution. It made it possible for new legislation that has protected the rights of many throughout the United States and has helped uphold equalityRead MoreThe Amendment And The Fourteenth Amendment Essay1458 Words   |  6 PagesNow Cometh Triginal D. Jackson in a Motion for Dismissal on the grounds of excessive Governmental Involvement and abuse of Fourth Amendment s right of the people to be secure in their persons the Fifth Amendment. Ninth Amendment, and the Fourteenth Amendment. First Amendment Protects: The First Amendment protects Mr. Jackson form use of hypnosis to create a criminal act. Schenck v. United States, 249 U.S. 47, 39 S.Ct. 247, 63 L.Ed.2d. (1919) Brandenburg v. Ohio, 395 U.S. 444, 89 S.Ct. 1827,Read MoreThe Amendment Of The Fourteenth Amendment1532 Words   |  7 PagesAccording to the thirteenth amendment, â€Å"neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.† The purpose of the thirteenth amendment was to end slavery or any form of involuntary servitude everywhere among the United States. There was new hope for African Americans throughout the country but unfortunately their freedom had a limit and coincidentallyRead MoreThe Fourteenth Amendment945 Words   |  4 PagesThe Fourteenth Amendment was ratified in 1868. This ratification altered the balance of state and federal power. It prevented state s from denying basic civil rights and gave Congress power to implement its assurance of liberty and equality. Despite that each state was required to approve the Fourteenth Amendment which granted â€Å"equal protection† of the Constitution to former slaves, the Ku Klux Klan did not honor this protection. Not only didn’t the Klan disregard the Fourteenth Amendment, theRead MoreThe Fourth Amendment And The Fourteenth Amendment987 Words   |  4 PagesCitizens are protected by two constitutional amendments, under the Fourth and Fourteenth Amendments to the U.S. Constitution, any search of a person or his premises (including a vehicle), and any seizure of tangible evidence, must be reasonable. The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularlyRead MoreThe Fourteenth And Fourteenth Amendment1018 Words   |  5 PagesThe Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendment Want to learn how everyone is equal? On May 17, 1954 the United States Supreme Court came to a decision that had immediate repercussions on the lives of black and white American citizens. Historic moment experiences have continually characterized these people into distinct racial and social entities. The thirteenth and fourteenth amendment had a positive affect on the problem of racism and segregation.The thirteenth amendment was created to abolishRead MoreThe Amendment Of The Fourteenth Amendment2237 Words   |  9 PagesThe Fourth Amendment Introduction The Bill of Rights are the first ten amendments from the United States Constitution. The Bill of Rights was written by James Madison on December 15, 1791. The purpose of the Bill of Rights is to address the rights of the individuals that the Constitution did not specified correctly and it also was written to protect the rights of the individuals liberties even if the majority wanted to take them away. In the Fourth Amendment of the U.S Constitution provides privacyRead MoreThe Second Amendment And The Fourteenth Amendment Essay2031 Words   |  9 PagesOut of the Twenty Seven Amendments in the American Constitution, the first ten known as the Bill of Rights, are arguably the most important to the American people. With the exception of the thirteenth and the fourteenth Amendments abolishing slavery and making ever persons born or naturalized in the United States a wholesome member of the United States and under the protection of the Constitution. The fourth Amendment is clear as it defines The right of the people are to be secure in their personsRead MoreThe Fourteenth Amendment1052 Words   |  5 PagesThe original writers of the Constitution had to have noticed the overlap in enumerated powers. Having only the Commerce Clause or only the Tenth Amendment would not harbor the best outcomes. Both are entirely necessary and exist to limit each other. Discretion is the deciding fac tor for determining which power trumps the other. In McColloch v. Maryland, for example, a state tax on the U.S. Bank would cause negative externalities against all citizens of other states. This is not in the best interest

Capitalism And Social Darwinism In The Novel The Jungle

The Novel â€Å"The Jungle† represents the capitalism and social Darwinism during the 1900’s. The author tried to persuade the audience that socialism is good, be he didnt achieve that. What actually happened is that it made people question what they were eating from the meal packing plants. The main characters who immigrated to America during the â€Å"Gilded Age† and experienced the hardships themselves. Immigration from lithuania,the family wanted to seek the opportunities,and freedom of the promised land. Finding a house they thought was perfect, but turned out to be a rundown home home with poor living conditions. Containing rodents,and cockroaches, and other unwanted specimens. Later,theyre are going to figure out that they are living on†¦show more content†¦Time went by and jurgis had lost his wife and son he had enough. Leaving everything behind he became a tramp. Moving from place to place jurgis surviving off of begging and stealing. Then he comes across a rich man who give jurgis a one hundred dollar bill having that bill was more than hes ever had in his possession . Scared, and anxious jurgis made his way to a bar to get his money changed , but the bartender wronged him and jurgis served jail time. While in the pen he met a man named Jack Duane. Jack thought him the life of crime and together they were partners in crime. When moving to America jurgis was a good honest person who faced the problems of socialism first hand and that changed him into a cruel person. The name of the novel fits the grim,rough environment of the book. Its about human greed and the social damage it does. The novel uses a jungle to symbolize unrestrained longing for something. In other words a jungle can be a place full of unknown things. Just like the infamous meat packing plant in the heart of of Upton Sinclair’s novel. When we think of the jungle we think of vines, brightly colored flowers,and a litter of different types of animals. The jungle was a brutal landscape during the widespread abuse of immigrant and poor workers in chicago’s meatpacking at the turn of of the 20th century. Other characters in the novel that jurgis comes across shows the different groups and variations of charactersShow MoreRelatedSocialism And Capitalism In Upton Sinclairs The Jungle1003 Words   |  5 PagesUpton SInclair’s novel, The Jungle, is a novel based on the â€Å"Gilded Age† in american history. It is the life of a working man named Jurgis Rudkus a nd as the story progresses, it shows the corruption and dishonesty of the people during this time period, as well as their reasoning behind their actions. Also as the novel continued, it showed the authors inspiration for the title of this novel. Throughout the book, Upton Sinclair had scattered metaphors as to why Capitalism is corrupt and why SocialismRead MoreThe Jungle by Upton Sinclair The story â€Å"The Jungle† by Upton Sinclair is somewhat of a declaration900 Words   |  4 PagesThe Jungle by Upton Sinclair The story â€Å"The Jungle† by Upton Sinclair is somewhat of a declaration of attention towards the matters of sociopolitical issues, capitalism, political corruption, and the depravedness of corporate personnel, corporatism, and industrialism; it inspires progressivism in its strong and thought-provoking messages and lives by its title. The story is about a recently married Lithuanian couple – Jurgis and Ona, and their ten other siblings who all come to America, as immigrantsRead MoreSocial Darwinism And The Progressive Era912 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Industrial Workers of the World. Labor unions, the Socialist Party and progressives as a whole took issue with the doctrine of Social Darwinism and moved forward as a somewhat united front with the goal of bringing meaningful change to American society. As America made the transition into an industrial power in the latter half of the 19th century, Social Darwinism became a prevalent method of rationalizing massive inequality and widespread poverty. This doctrine of leaving the poorest in theRead MoreThe Various Sources of Evils in Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle, by Chelsea Franks1155 Words   |  5 Pages The title, â€Å"The Jungle† (Upton Sinclair. The Jungle. New York: Barnes and Noble Classics, 2005), when dissected after having read it, denotes Upton Sinclair’s view of the time period, where Capitalism was the corrupted script for people’s lives rather than Socialism. Throughout the course of the book Upton Sinclair explores, in depth, the evils levied upon stockyard workers, as a result of Capitalism, to include family and immigration, while narrowly serving his own agenda of pushing the conceptRead MoreThe Progressive Era Of The United States1558 Words   |  7 PagesThe United States is a country that has been built on political, economical and social reform. One revolutionary era in particular that has played a major role in the establishment of new laws and acts which are used today is the Progressive Era. The Progressive Era was an age of political reform during the late 1800’s to early 1920’s, which also contained a lot of social advoca cy for workers’ rights. Before the social reforms began in this era, there were numerous instances where poor and immigrantRead MoreThe Jungle by Upton Sinclair1400 Words   |  6 PagesWhat are the major issues Sinclair addresses in The Jungle? The Jungle by Upton Sinclair is a vivid account of life for the working class in the early 1900s. Jurgis Rudkus and his family travel to the United States in search of the American dream and an escape from the rigid social structure of Lithuania. Instead, they find a myriad of new difficulties. Sinclair attributes their problems to the downfalls of capitalism in the United States. While America’s system was idealistic for Jurgis and hisRead More The Jungle1075 Words   |  5 Pages The Jungle Essay nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Jungle, by Upton Sinclair, clearly depicts the socio-economic strife and political turpitude that ushered America into the 20th century. While telling the story of Lithuanian immigrants struggling to survive in Chicago, Sinclair illustrates how avarice and ruthless competition were driving forces in the exploitational predatory capitalist  ³jungle ² of American  ³society ² at the turn of the century. This radical novel, described as muckraking by PresidentRead MoreUpton Sinclair s The Jungle1630 Words   |  7 PagesWritten at the turn of the 20th century, Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle took place in an era of unprecedented advancement in civilization where the American economy had risen to become one of the wealthiest on the planet. However, Sinclair asserts that the rise of capitalist America resulted in the virulent corruption and competition that plighted society into an untamed â€Å"jungle.† Shown by the corruption of the Chicago meatpacking industry, Sinclair highlights the repulsive filth of human greed thatRead MoreThe Power of the Printed Word697 Words   |  3 PagesThe Power of the Printed Word 1) Uncle Toms Cabin was a highly influential book on Englands view of American slavery in the Deep South. This novel promoted abolition and intensified sectional conflict between the north and south. 2) The Declaration of Independence formalized the colonies separation from Britain and laid out the Enlightenment values (best expressed by John Locke) of natural rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness upon which the American Revolution was based. Read MoreThe Jungle By Robert Sinclair2080 Words   |  9 PagesThe Jungle is book that takes the reader in a period in time where the â€Å"American Dream† was the only thing worth believing in the daily job struggles of immigrants in America during the early twentieth century. What is the American Dream? It is said that any man or woman willing to work hard in this country and work an honest day is capable living and could support his family and have an equal opportunity to success. Although The Jungle was taken account more on how the meat production was disgusting

Ethical Issues in Cyber Crime for Verizon Data -myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Write about theEthical Issues in Cyber Crime for Verizon Data. Answer: Introduction Information and Communications Technology or ICT is the extension of IT or Information Technology. It acts as the unified communications with the amalgamation of various wireless signals and telephone lines with storage, software and audiovisual systems. It allows the users to manipulate, store, access and transmit various information (Niebuhr, 2013). In spite of providing a huge amount of benefit to the society, ICT has also welcomed several cyber attacks and security breaches in the modern technological world. These attacks and breaches are extremely dangerous for the cyber world. These breaches are also threat to ethical world. The following essay outlines a detailed description of the case study of Verizon Wireless of United States of America. This cyber crime took place in July 2017. This was absolutely non ethical for the cyber world. The essay provides the detailed discussion about the four classical theories of ethics. The case study is described with these four classical theories. Discussion Verizon Wireless Data Breach Verizon Wireless is the telecommunications organization of United States of America offering various wireless products and services. There was a leakage of data in the organization that caused a dangerous cyber attack ("Verizon customer information exposed in data breach", 2017). This was caused because of the partner of Verizon wireless. They did not take care of the data and the data was leaked in cloud. The reason for this cyber crime was the cloud-based repository files that was non configured. Data of approximately 14 million clients were leaked in the cloud. All of them were customers of Verizon. Utilitarianism Theory This is one of the four classical theories of ethics. The Utilitarianism Theory states that the best activity is that particular activity, which maximizes utility. This theory can be defined as the summation of satisfaction that can be obtained from a utility. This does not count the amount of suffering an individual has faced during that activity (Arntzenius, 2014). There are two types of utilitarianism to maximize the utility. They are the total utilitarianism and the average utilitarianism. These two assumptions are made on the utility of the situation that is, how much utilization can be obtained from that situation. In this particular case, Verizon Wireless has faced a cyber attack. The data of their clients were leaked in the cloud and the partner of Verizon did this. They have utilized the cloud server for leaking all the data. These data contained all the details about customers including the account name, pin numbers and all the confidential information. This is a non-ethica l act (Crimmins, 2017). The confidential data should not be breached at all. The partner of Verizon should be put behind bars and serious actions should be taken. The utilitarianism theory does not apply in this situation. The situation does not gain any utility and thus is non-ethical according to the four classical theories of ethics. Deontology Theory The Deontology Theory is the standard position in ethics, which takes the decision according to the morality of a particular activity that is based on the rules. This theory can also be defined as the ethics based on obligations and duties. The moral obligation forces an individual to act perfectly in any situation. This type of obligation depends on either internal or external sources (Chen Schonger, 2017). This theory focuses on the fact that a person should be morally ethical in nature no matter what situation arises. The external sources are the religious rules, universal rules, legal laws, whereas, the internal sources are the cultural and personal values. The internal sources mostly depend on the character of the individual, the surrounding where his upbringing has taken place and the lessons he has got from family, friends or acquaintances. In this particular case study of Verizon Wireless, the partner of Verizon leaked the data, which caused tremendous problems to both Veriz on and its customers. This is ethically wrong according to the Deontology theory of ethics (Lazar, 2017). The partner should not have leaked the data. All the customers have faced tremendous problems due to this leakage. Moreover, all the account details of the customers were leaked, this could have been a major problem in future for the customers. When an organization is dealing with its clients, it is the responsibility of that organization to give their customers a safe and secured surrounding. According to deontology theory of ethics, the partner of Verizon Wireless should have been morally ethical. It was their duty to protect the customers (Dewey, 2016). The opposite happened. They backed off from their duty. They leaked the data, which was ethically wrong, as well as a dangerous cyber crime. Virtue Theory This is third theory of the four classical theories of ethics. Virtue ethics is a type of ethics, which focuses on the character of an individual as the major component for ethical thinking. Virtue ethics states that when an individual taken an ethical decision or solves an ethical dilemma, he takes the decision from this own thinking (Van Hooft, 2014). This thinking is completely controlled by the character of the individual. If the individual is good from heart and has good character, he will definitely take a good decision. However, if the individual has a darker side, he might take a negative decision. In this case study, it is not known that why the partner of Verizon Wireless has leaked the data. There is a high chance that they did not take the decision from their heart and may have a strong reason (Audi, 2012). However, according to Virtue theory of four classical theories of ethics, they took the decision and since the character of the individual is the major component of fo r ethical thinking, it can be said that the partner of Verizon wireless does not have a ethical character. Contract Theory This is the fourth classical theory of ethics. According to this particular theory, the moal values of an individual depend on the presence of a contract (Fried, 2015). A contract is an agreement that brings out the ethical and moral regulations of an individual. Several individuals form the society. If the human beings will not behave properly and ethically, the society will not reach success and will not be able to meet its goals and objectives. The contract is a sign of motivation and ethics for all the employees of an organization. it promotes the values of ethics within all the employees (Niebuhr, 2013). In this case study, there was a contract between the organization and the clients of that organization. However, they were not able to protect the contract and thus was ethically wrong towards their clients. Conclusion Therefore, from the above discussion it can be concluded that information and communications technology or acts as the unified communications with the amalgamation of various wireless signals and telephone lines with storage, software and audiovisual systems. It allows the users to manipulate, store, access and transmit various information. In spite of providing a huge amount of benefit to the society, ICT has also welcomed several cyber attacks and security breaches in the modern technological world. These attacks and breaches are extremely dangerous for the cyber world. These breaches are also threat to ethical world. The above essay focuses on the case study of Verizon Wireless organization. Data was breached and leaked in the cloud by the partner of Verizon. This is ethically wrong. The essay describes the case study with the help of the four classical theories of ethics. References Arntzenius, F. (2014). Utilitarianism, decision theory and eternity.Philosophical Perspectives,28(1), 31-58. Audi, R. (2012). Virtue ethics as a resource in business.Business Ethics Quarterly,22(2), 273-291. Chen, D. L., Schonger, M. (2017). Social preferences or sacred values? theory and evidence of deontological motivations. Crimmins, J. E. (Ed.). (2017).The Bloomsbury encyclopedia of utilitarianism. Bloomsbury Publishing. Dewey, J. (2016).Ethics. Read Books Ltd. Fried, C. (2015).Contract as promise: A theory of contractual obligation. Oxford University Press, USA. Lazar, S. (2017). Deontological Decision Theory and Agent-Centered Options.Ethics,127(3), 579-609. Niebuhr, R. (2013).Moral man and immoral society: A study in ethics and politics. Westminster John Knox Press. Van Hooft, S. (2014).Understanding virtue ethics. Routledge. Verizon customer information exposed in data breach. (2017).Fox Business. Retrieved 13 September 2017, from https://www.foxbusiness.com/markets/2017/07/13/security-lapse-leaks-data-from-millions-verizon-customers.html

What Is Imaginary City free essay sample

On the other hand, we describe cities according to what we have experienced inside them, including the restaurants we dined, shopping malls we entered and the transportations we took. However, Healy has noted that our lived cultural experiences are influenced by our cultural imaginaries also. Healy 56) It means we are living in the cities in the way we have imagined should be. For instance, Hong Kong people seldom ride a bicycle to work though they can. It is because in a metropolis like Hong Kong, a primitive transport like bicycle are not â€Å"modern† and â€Å"smart† enough; private cars and mass transport are more preferred in this sense. This further affects how we build the city. If we intended to build a city which is clean and disciplined (which you think a modern city should be), we would have made laws of prohibiting smoking in public area and heavy penalties for crimes. We will write a custom essay sample on What Is Imaginary City or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Hence, we can say that people define city mostly according to what they imagined about it, as they experienced urban culture as what they planned to experience. The cultural imaginary built in people’s mind, as well as in the environment and the way they use the city. One of the cultural imaginary is the instantaneous and ubiquitous circulation of information in cities. We believe that people in a modern city, regardless of their social status, educational background and etc. can be and should be connected to the city or the society with the help of some highly accessible media.Thus, â€Å"no man is an island† in an ideal city. In order to realize our imaginary, we act according to it and constructed what we want to experience eventually. The renowned city of Asia – Hong Kong would be a good example here. In a heavily mediatized metropolis like Hong Kong, the above characteristic is well observed and carried out. General public there can access to whatever information they interested no matter who, when and where they are. There are various types of media they can choose and are free of charge.For examples, free newspapers distributed nearly every morning, like Metro and Sharp Daily; and news reports announced once an hour via radio. These can acknowledge citizens about the hottest issues of the city with limited lag time. Moreover, hi-tech gadgets such as smart phones and tablets are now commonplace in Hong Kong. It is normal to find passengers playing their iphone or Galaxy SII on the railway. These products allow their users to surf the net, which means, to read, listen or even watch any kind of information they concern, wherever and whenever they want.Further, to facilitate our urban experience of â€Å"highly accessible information†, people keep going for the latest model of smart phones. For that reason it is not surprising to see a long queue waiting outside the stores every time when a new model is out. Rather, the highly accessible circulation of information also raises the concern of its potential to invade the privacy of citizens since it can serve as modern forms of surveillance. With the help of the hi-tech gadgets, every citizen can become an inspector of the city. In 2006, a video named â€Å"Bus Uncle† was rife in the city (Hong Kong).It was all about a meaningless quarrel between two ordinary men, and taken by an ordinary man with his cell phone only. Yet this received a great response from the society, and started a trend of recording â€Å"interesting† video with digital devices wherever you are. Since then, everyday life of a person, even not a celebrity, has been under the surveillance of other people in the city. If you commit a crime or behave improperly, people around you are likely to record everything down and soon upload it to websites like Facebook or Youtube. By then, the whole society will know your story.In the past, only enforcing agencies may keep an eye on you, but now, the whole city will. This is a serious offend to people’s privacy as our life as an ordinary person is exploited by others’ curiosity. This is another cultural imaginary of cities – we expect to be watching over by various methods there. When we act according to this, it becomes an excuse for us to watch over others as we expect the other to share the same expectation also. That is , you know people are watching, aren’t you? Thus, this imaginary may worsen the problem by boosting everyone to do the same thing.

Antoni gaudí was a spanish catalan architect who worked during the modernism The WritePass Journal

Antoni gaudà ­ was a spanish catalan architect who worked during the modernism Introduction Antoni gaudà ­ was a spanish catalan architect who worked during the modernism IntroductionBibliographyRelated Introduction Antoni Gaudà ­ (25 June 1852 – 10 June 1926) was a Spanish Catalan architect, who worked during the Modernism (Art Nouveau) and became famous for his unique and highly individualistic designs regarded as beyond the scope of Modernism. As in the rest of Spain, each town and region of Catalonia prides itself on its distinctly individual characters or flavour. While there is some conflict as to his birthplace official documents state that he was born in the town of  Reus, whereas others claim he was born in  Riudoms, a small village  Reus  it is certain that he was baptized in Reus a day, after his birth. He attends school in Reus where the secondary institute is now named for him. His penchant for drawing and architectural studies was already illustrated in schoolboy’s projects. I believe that Gaudi’s was modernist and in my opinion, this appears during his youngth; Gaudà ­ was suffering many times from the rheumatic fevers, that were common at the time. This illness caused him to spend much time in isolation and he preferred to stay nature alone. Because of his  rheumatism, the artist observed a strict vegetarian diet, used  homeopathic  drug therapy, underwent  water therapy, and hiked regularly. Long walks, besides suppressing his rheumatism, further allowed him to experience nature. It was this exposure to nature at an early age which is thought to have inspired him to incorporate natural shapes and themes into his later work. Gaudà ­s first works were designed in the style of  gothic architecture and traditional Catalan architectural modes but he developed his own distinct sculptural style soon. As Gaudi says, â€Å"he was so inspired by nature† because: Those who look for the laws of Nature as a support for their new works collaborate with the Creator. Eugene Viollet-le-Duc, a French architect   who promoted an evolved form of gothic architecture, proved a major influence on Gaudi. The student went on to contrive highly original designs – irregularly and fantastically intricate. Some of his greatest jobs, the most notably  is â€Å"La Sagrada Famà ­lia†, that has an almost hallucinatory force. I would like to say about the parabolic arches, the mushroom columns an helical shapes all of these are the best for him†¦ the most important who demonstrates that modernity means a lot in his life as architect as and   his works.   Gaudi, throughout his life, studied natures angles and curves and he incorporated them into his designs and mosaics. Instead of relying on geometric shapes, he mimicked the way men stand upright. The  hyperboloids and  paraboloids that he borrowed from nature, were easily been reinforced by steel rods and allowed his designs to look like elements from the environment. As you  say, and then  many of  the projects  had  elements of modernism  that  seemed  to change  his style  from  the  influences  and  the various  events  in life everyday†¦ everytime. The Spanish art-nouveau developed within the Catalan Renaixenca over the turn of the century. It was stimulated by the art nouveau of Paris where many Catalan intellectuals resided and by the similar Jugendstil movement of Germany. Gaudi had already employed some of the most characteristics Art Nouveau elements such as long curvilinear forms and free-stylized plants in his buildings as early as the mid 1880 well in advance of Art Nouveau where else. We have noticed this in the Palacio Guell and it is particularly vivid in his furniture of this epoch. The Casa Calvet (1898-1904) is the building by Gaudi that best typifies the nascent Modernismo. The faà §ade is a rather conventional Barcelona one, enlivened here and there by the fluid rococo and Art Nouveau details that appeared together at this moment. The latter are most advanced in the iron derricks at the top in the plant motifs of the owner’s oriel window and in tiny fronds amongst the iron balconies. Gaudà ­ scholars agree that this building is the most conventional of his works, partly because it had to be squeezed in between older structures and partly; it was sited in one of the most elegant sections of Barcelona. Its symmetry, balance and orderly rhythm are unusual for Gaudi’s works. However, the curves and double gable at the top, the projecting oriel at the entrance almost baroque in its drama, and isolated witty details are modernista elements. Columns flanking the entrance are in the form of stacked bobbins an allusion to the family business of textil e manufacture. Lluà ­s Permanyer claims that the gallery at ground level is the facades the most outstanding feature, a daring combination of wrought iron and a stone in which decorative historical elements such as a cypress, an olive tree, horns of plenty, and the Catalan coat of arms can be discerned. The Casa Batllo and the Casa Mila demonstrate that Gaudi was pursuing something more universal in Nature than the flowery ornament and whiplash lines of his Modernista compatriots. The Sagrada Familia church and the Colonia Guell chapel, in favor of which in 1910 he withdrew from almost all his other work. His reason still needs to be explored psychologically for the latter action. Taste in Catalonia was veering away from him in a typical classicistic reaction against Modernismo. The  Sagrada Famà ­lia, is a large  Roman Catholic  church in  Barcelona,  Catalonia,  Spain, designed by Catalan architect  Antoni Gaudà ­Ã‚  (1852–1926). Although in complete, the church is a UNESCO  World Heritage Site and in November 2010 it was consecrated and proclaimed a  minor basilica by  Pope Benedict  XVI. Though construction of Sagrada Famà ­lia had begun in  1882; Gaudà ­ became involved in 1883, taking over the project and transforming the project with his architectural and engineering style combining Gothic and curvilinear,  Art Nouveau formswith ambitious structural columns and arches. Gaudà ­ devoted his last years to the project and at the time of his death in 1926, less than a quarter of the project was complete.  Sagrada Famà ­lias construction progressed slowly as it relied on private donations and was interrupted by the  Spanish Civil War only to resume intermittent progress in the 1950s. Construction passed the mid-poi nt in 2010 with some of the projects greatest challenges remainingand an anticipated completion date of 2026 the centennial of Gaudà ­s death. In November 2010 consecrated Sagrada Familia and the interior of the church is open and accessible giving a spectacular view of the expansive forest like interior. The use of external light through the stain glass windows and the Glory of God window in the roof is ever changing and dynamic. The elevators that take you up to the various viewing points in the spires give access to a multitude of viewpoints that provide unique vistas of the Cathedral a Gaudà ­s first jobs that were designed in the style of gothic architecture and traditional Catalan architectural modes, but he soon developed his own distinct sculptural style. In my opinion,  another interested project is the  church  of Colà ²nia  Guell  which  is obvious  that it has passed  the  age  of  modernity.  This is illustrated by  the  details  of the building  like the shapes  that  have given  in every part of it. The Church of Colà ²nia Gà ¼ell, an unfinished work   by Antoni Gaudà ­. The technique that Gaudà ­ used to design the church was to hang little bags of birdshot from chains. Gravity would pull these bags downwards, giving even weight distribution and stretching the chains to form a model structure, thus showing him the shapes and angles his pillars would need to be. By using a mirror placed under the model, then Gaudà ­ could see the model as it should be looked. A replica of his model for the crypt is in the Museum under the Sagrada Famà ­lia in Barcelona. The model looks dated; however this would allow Gaudà ­ to perform designs, it could be done only by the computers, at this time. It put him a good 75 years ahead of the designs of the time. The art of Antonio Gaudi is not easily reduced to the scope of a book or a photograph even in color. Bibliography Frederike Mà ¼ller, Lars Wendt:  The Architect Antoni Gaudà ­. Myth and Reality, wendtfilm Cinà © Canard, Germany 2006. Rainer Zerbst   Antoni Gaudà ­,  Taschen, 2002.. Antonio Gaudi by George R.Collins (masters of world archeticture). Antoni Gaudi (James Johnson Sweeney and Josep Lluis Sert)

Tarbosaurus - Facts and Figures

Tarbosaurus - Facts and Figures Name: Tarbosaurus (Greek for terrifying lizard); pronounced TAR-bo-SORE-us Habitat: Floodplains of Asia Historical Period: Late Cretaceous (70-65 million years ago) Size and Weight: About 40 feet long and five tons Diet: Herbivorous dinosaurs Distinguishing Characteristics: Long head; exceptionally small arms About Tarbosaurus When its fossils were first discovered in Mongolias Gobi Desert, in 1946, paleontologists debated whether Tarbosaurus was a new species of Tyrannosaurus, rather than deserving its own genus. Clearly, these two carnivores had a lot in commonthey were both huge meat-eaters with numerous sharp teeth and tiny, almost vestigial armsbut they also inhabited opposite sides of the globe, Tyrannosaurus Rex in North America and Tarbosaurus in Asia. Lately, the bulk of the evidence points to Tarbosaurus as belonging to its own genus. This tyrannosaur had a unique jaw structure and even smaller forelimbs than T. Rex; more important, no Tarbosaurus fossils have been found outside Asia. Its even possible that Tarbosaurus had evolutionary precedence, and spawned Tyrannosaurus Rex when some hardy individuals crossed the Siberian land bridge into North America. (By the way, the closest Asian relative of Tarbosaurus was an even more obscure tyrannosaur, Alioramus.) Recently, an analysis of a Parasaurolophus fossil revealed numerous Tarbosaurus bite marks, in patterns indicating that this tyrannosaur methodically scavenged its victims already-dead corpse rather than chasing it down and killing it. This doesnt conclusively settle the debate about whether tyrannosaurs were hunters or scavengers (they probably pursued both strategies, as necessary), but its still a piece of valuable evidence.

Abortion Argument - Ethics class Personal Statement

Abortion Argument - Ethics class - Personal Statement Example That is unlikely to happen so it is not an issue. Presently stem cell research is being stunted in this country because the means of safely obtaining and testing its potentials begins with the discarded embryos that are referred to in medicine as the â€Å"product of conception,† which is an affront to some people’s sensibilities. However, once stem cell research in this country has the opportunity to spread its wings it may no longer require the use of embryo’s at all. They may find other means to obtain and research the stem cells that have so much potential in changing modern medicine. For example they may be able to harvest stem cells from our adult bodies efficiently and successfully. Therefore, I firmly believe, there is little chance of their being an increase in abortion rates because I see a future where the relationship between stem cell research and abortion will be eliminated. I think the overall argument is faulty, to me it is no different than askin g the question does organ donation increase suicide rates in order to donate more organs to those who need them? It is, in my mind, a biased attempt to gain support from those people who already have feelings against abortion to associate stem cell research with something that they already find disagreeable, forcing them to marry the two concepts in their minds; if one is â€Å"bad† then they both must be. In fact, stem cell research has nothing directly to do with abortions that are performed. The idea that this proposed increase in abortions with the legalization of stem cell research involving aborted embryos is faulty and terribly

American Governement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

American Governement - Essay Example That is, the constitution that has become synonymous with what is known of the American existence. To best understand the power of the document and the events surrounding its creation, the first thing to do, would be to observe the very men who were involved, with the process of creating it from the beginning. The very men that, through their efforts, would pave the way towards the present state of the American process of government. One of those very men would be James Madison. A man who would set forth to help create a governing document and someone who would at one point serve the young nation as it's 4th President. With everything riding upon the insatiable desire of the men to create a document that would prove to be long lasting, the stakes involved would appear to be considerable. A key concern for the founders, would be the preservation of liberty. Author James Wilson includes the following portion in his text, of a statement given by James Madison, that involved the creation of a stable government. It reads in part, "... You must first enable the government to control the governed: and in the next place oblige it to control itself," (Wilson, p. 15, 2005). As is the case in many other instances, initial intentions may fall by the waste side during the course of an initial process with a desire goal(s) in mind. In the case of the Constitutional Convention, "When James Madison and the other 56 delegates to the Constitutional Convention met in Philadelphia in May 1787, they intended to amend the Articles of Confederation," ("James Madison's", para. 1, n.d.). While the men would have initially come together to revise an existing document, the resulting consequences of their final work would have lasting implications for over two centuries. Another existing document that served to be a basis for the resulting doctrine of the constitution, would be the Virginia Plan. Basically a summation of the intended items intended for inclusion in the final draft of the constitution, the plan itself would become one of the many parts of this historical period in time. "By agreeing to consider the Virginia Plan, the convention, fundamentally altered its task from amending the Articles to designing a true national government," (Wilson, p.16, 2005). To give a better glimpse of the outside environment surrounding the convention, "May 25, 1787, freshly spread dirt covered the cobblestone street in front of the Pennsylvania State House, protecting the men inside from the sound of passing carriages and carts," (Bent, para. 1, n.d.). From such menial beginnings at the heart of pre-technological advancement, along with varying sociological and economic circumstances of the era at the time, the constitution would be an enduring document that would stand the test of time. Having the intended changes and guidelines be such that, it would continue to be felt by the very nation that it was created to protect. In place of a reigning monarch, the American political system would be comprised of a central political figure, in this case the President, along with a judicial branch made up of the House of Representatives and the Senate. With each body of power, the President's being considered the Executive, having their own roles that would, from time to time over many decades, find themselves intertwined with each other to varying degrees. Aligning itself with this very mentality, authors Allan J. Cigler and Burdett A. Loomis make

CSR - Organizational Structure Final Paper Essay

CSR - Organizational Structure Final Paper - Essay Example This paper intends to show that besides financial considerations of growing and making profits, companies must be held accountable for the impacts they have on the society as well as the environmental opportunities and risks there business decisions make. The research is aimed at showing that HRM can use CSR to improve business value, mitigate risk due to unethical behaviour and improve the way the way business strategies are sustainable. It also aims to find out how a corporation can be deemed as a corporate citizen by the people it is often surrounded with. It can be shown that sustainability is the common link that brings HRM and CSR inextricably together. At the corporate level, sustainability will focus on the creation of business models that are sustainable from social, financial and ecological perspectives that identify practices and strategies that contribute to both a more sustainable world and shareholder value (Eden & Huxham, 2010). Therefore, the significance of CSR is that it will decrease the negative impacts the company’s corporate actions will have on the community as it pursuits its business strategy without compromising the core business processes. From this understanding, sustainable HRM can be explained as the use of tools of HR to embed sustainability strategies in a company and the creation of systems of HRM that support the company’s sustainable performance. By utilizing HR tools to create sustainable HRM, the HR manager will not only create and develop the trust, value, motivation and skills needed t o deliver environmental, social and financial benefits. Rather, they will also ensure the existence of the long-term sustainability and health of the external and internal stakeholders of the company through policies that enhance equity and support development of practices that are friendly to the environment (Jamali,

The China-US Economic Relationship

The China-US Economic Relationship China and the United States, as the two largest economy groups in todays world who own more than 30 percent of the worlds GDP, have the ability to decide and change the destiny of world economy. The United States has been dominating the worlds economy for a long time as the only superpower after World War II. It has the most powerful currency, US-dollar. The US dollar is the worlds main reserve currency and settlement currency. Most of the oil trading is done by USD, and USD is the only currency that links to gold. The worlds new-star of economy, China, rose since the ending of last century. China has surpassed Japan and become the second largest economy of the world in 2010, two years after its achievement of becoming the largest holder of U.S. debt in September 2008. It is now the largest goods producer of the world, and also a hypo-power in East Asia. The financial crisis last during last four years has proved that it is unsafe to let only one country determine how the world economy should go. China and the U.S. should be working together to ensure the stability of world economy. The relationship between the United States and China is strong, and they are all depending on each other. Chinese goods are demanding greatly by U.S. customers because of its low prices. As the result of the global financial crisis, the U.S. had to lower the value of its debt to due to the bad economy, but this also made the relationship between China and U.S. became unstable. Economists suggest that the relationship has contributed a lot to both countries. In 2010, the U.S. goods trade relation with China hit a record high of $273.1 billion. (Roya and Christopher) China as a large but not well-developed country, while rich in labor and resource but lack of capital and the technological capacity, seeks foreign investment and technologies to help its development. US have the most advanced technologies in the world and a large capital flow in the market. The US and China was naturally a perfect match. US can provide the financial and tech support in exchange for Chinas cheap products and resources. Both sides have benefited in this arrangement. For China, the benefit is not only in the direct investments made by American companies and firms, but also in the massive amount of daily products that are sold to most American people. The growth of Chinas economy is majorly from exporting. For Chinas rising in last thirty years, it is fair to say that the U.S. has played an important role and contributed a lot through trade. From 3% in 1990, the imports from China has grown dramatically for the U.S., 19.1% of U.S. imports in 2010 were from China. And automatically, China became indispensable as an import source for the U.S, from eighth in 1990, to fourth in 2000, to second in 2004-2006, and then to the first in 2007-2012 (Morrison). Chinese trade has grown tremendously, from $20.6 billion and 0.8% of the world total in 1978 to $2.97 trillion and about 7.8% in 2010. Compare to Germany, Japan, and the United States, China has huge advantages on its low-cost labor, growing technology and undervalued currency. These advantages let Chi nese goods have much lower prices than the others. That is the reason why China became the worlds largest manufactured goods exporter. (Brown) As for US, the benefit is obvious. Chinas relative low-cost advantage makes it focusing on producing labor-intensive goods, and thanks to the vast, seemingly unlimited Chinese work force, people in US can purchase Chinese made shirt for a fraction of the price of a US made shirt at a relatively same quality, and its not only the shirts, its almost everything. And for most American companies it was good too. Many companies can benefit from the huge Chinese labor force and Chinese markets. U.S. imports of low-cost goods from China greatly benefit U.S. consumers, and U.S. firms that use China as the final point of assembly for their products, or use Chinese-made inputs for production in the United States, are able to lower costs and become more globally competitive. (Morrison) All in all, it would seem like a win-win for both China and America. While China is getting many jobs from companies from United States, U.S has been experiencing high unemployment rate for years. There are voices from some of the media or even politicians claim that outsourcing to China is one of the major causes for high employment. But in fact, outsourcing actually sustains American jobs in a long run (Zhu). This can be illustrated by a simple example. If China can make a cellphone more cheaply, it makes more sense to import cellphone from China than make it domestically. Such transaction actually is good for both sides, brings real incomes, with added growth in the exporting country, and lower prices in the importing country (Economist). When the price of cellphone becomes cheaper, there will be more people can afford them than before, which is good for the market. Consequently, more cellphone related jobs such as maintenance and communication services are created. Therefore, more free trade between China and the U.S. can increase jobs instead of decreasing them (Yi). By analyzing trade and industry data, statisticians have discovered some fact. They find that job dislocation is not majorly because of outsourcing and offshoring in the manufacturing and service. They find the real causes of job losses were weak domestic demand, rapid productivity growth, and the dollars strength which dampened U.S. exports (Baily and Lawrence). U.S. consumers has greatly benefited from importing low price goods from China, their purchasing power has been increased. This also helped the United States maintain at a low inflation rate. Actually, trade with China has helped directly or indirectly to create jobs in the United States, and this is much more important. The U.S. merchandise trade deficit has increased from $1.7 billion in 1986 to $295 billion in 2011 (US Census Bureau), because U.S. imports from China have risen much faster than U.S. exports to China. The U.S. trade deficit with China has kept growing rapidly during the last quarter century. At present, trade imbalance is huge between China and U.S, 43% of the U.S. trade deficit is accounted for by China. And it is one of the major concerns in U.S. China relation. The U.S. deficit with China is the major part of U.S deficit. It was larger than the combined U.S. trade deficits with the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), the 27 nations that make up the European Union (EU27), and the 10 nations that make up the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). (Morrison) The connection between China and U.S will be even stronger in the future. They will continue to benefit from each other. They are both the most important market to each other. Trades between these two countries will increase even more and create more great opportunities for businesses in both countries. As the two strongest economic powers in the world, if China and U.S keep the win-win strategy, they can ensure the growth of global economy. Work Citied Baily, M. N. and Lawrence, R. Z., Dont blame trade for US job losses. The McKinsey Quarterly, Issue 1. 2005. Web. 9 Nov. 2012 Brown, A.S., Manufacturing at the crossroads. Me-Magazine., 2010. Web. 13 Nov.2012 Karabell, Zachary. Can an Eagle Hug a Panda? Time. Nov. 30, 2009. Web. 1 Nov. 2012 U.S. Census Bureau. 2011. Web. 8 Nov. 2012 Wu Yi. WSJ: Its Win-Win on U.S.-China Trade. Council on Foreign Relations. May 17, 2007. Web. 11 Nov. 2012 Wolverson, Roya, and Alessi, Christopher. Confronting U.S.-China Economic Imbalances. Council on Foreign Relations. November 2, 2011. Web. 11 Nov. 2012 Zhu, Zhi Qun. China and the United States: Learning to Live Together. Centre for World Dialogue . Spring 2007. Web. 7 Nov. 2012

Diego Rivera Essay -- Visual Arts Paintings Art

Diego Rivera Diego Rivera he is a Mexican painter who produced murals on social themes and who ranks one of my countries greatest artists. He was born in Guanajuato and educated at the San Carlos Academy of Fine Arts , in Mexico City. he studied painting in Europe between 1907 and 1921, becoming familiar with the innovative cubist forms of the French painter Paul Cezanne and Pablo Picasso. In 1921 Riviera returned to Mexico and took a prominent part in revival of mural painting initiated by artists and sponsored by the government . Believing that art should serve the working people and be readily available to them , he concentrated on painting large frescoes, concerning the history and social problems of Mexico, on the walls of public buldings.His works during 1930s included ...

Guava Leaves Extract as Main Ingredient

In the next of our series on Far Eastern plant we look at Guava or Psidium guajava. In folk medicine, extracts of roots, bark, and leaves are used to treat gastroenteritis, vomiting, diarrhoea, dysentery, wounds, ulcers, toothache, coughs, sore throat, inflamed gums, and a number of other conditions (Morton 1987). This plant seemed worthy of an in depth review. â€Å"Guava leaves extract as main ingredient in making Herbal Soap for washing wounds† Introduction: WALA HAHA 😀 Background of the Study: Nowadays, people have using different herbal soap that are expensive and less effective.The researcher aims to make an effective and cheaper herbal soap. Like guava leaves , it contains both major antioxidant pigments, carotene and poly phenols giving them high dietary antioxidant value among plant foods. Guava leaves has a benefits in making herbal soap because it has that properties that can make the skin look good and protects the skin. Statement of the problem: The resear cher aims to answer the following questions: 1. ) Is the guava leaves extract effective in making herbal soap? 2. ) Does guava leaves extract effective for washing wounds? Hypothesis: 1. The guava leaves is effective in making herbal soap. 2. ) Guava leaves extract is effective for washing wounds. Significance of the study: The significance of the study is to have a beneficial usage of guava leaves. Specifically on the fresh green leaves. This study also aims to produce an affordable herbal soap by making use of the natural properties of guava leaves extract. This product is more on natural properties that can cure skin infections like skin allergies, rashes and skin itchiness and does not mix with chemicals that may damaged our skin. Scope and Limitations:This study needs furthermore improvement , research and also this study is only limited on the use of caustic soda because we all know that to much of caustic soda may cause skin itchiness. Definition of terms: Guava- is a genus o f about 100 species of tropical shrubs and small trees. Antioxidant- is a molecule capable of slowing or preventing the oxidation of other molecules. Pigments- is a material that changes teh color of light it reflects as a result of selective color absorptions. Carotenoids- a pigment essential for good vision angd precursor to Vit. A. Pol phenols- were one briefly known as vit.P which are a group of a chemical substances found in plants. Review of related Literature: Guava, is a genus of about 100 species of tropical shrubs and small treesin the myrtle family Myrtaceae. It is native in Mexico , as well Central America, Northern America and parts of the Carribeanbut not cultivated throughout the tropics. In Tagalog , name bayabas are probably local renditions of guayaba. Numerous references inmedical research identify guava as Psidium Guajava. Psidium guajava are cultivated in many tropical and subtropical countries for their edible fruit.Psidium Guajafa are often considered superfru its , being rich in vit. A and C and other properties. Its leaves contained antioxidant pigments,carotenoids and Polyphenols that are good components in turning our skin healthy. Since the 1950's , guva , prticularly its leaves , has been a subject for diverse research in chemical identity of its constituents, pharmacological properties and history in folk medicine . For example , from preliminary medicinal research in laboratory models , extract from guava leaves are implicated in therapeutic mechanisms against cancer , bacterial infections , inflammation and pain and skin disorder.Essential oils from gauva leaves have shown strong anti-cancer in vitro. In folk medicine , guava leaves are used as a remedy for diarrhea, and for their supposed antimicrobial properties. Its easy to get the components of guava leaves when it is apply in a form of a soap. Methodology: A. Guava Decoction We have to gather 50g of fresh green guava leaves, 250 mL of water and boil it for about 10 mins. * M aterials one-half cup of oil, 3tbsp. caustic soda, 500mL of water and guava leaves extract   B. Preparation of Soap From the materials gatherd , set aside guava leaves extract.Mix 500mL water and vegetable oil and stir for 30mins. Combine the guava leaves extract to the solution of water and oil, stir for 30mins. add 3 tbsp. caustic soda stir for another 30 mins. Put in a molder and place in a safe area that can't be expose by the sun. C. Soap Cutting: Cut the soap acc. to the size of the molder. D. Testing the soap: After 15 days the soap will be use either preventive or cure. The respondents to this is the people who have skin wounds. It will be apply in the skin when they take a bath. E. Observation: The researcher had observed that the wounds heal faster. * The soap speeds up the regeneration of the wounds. Chapter IV Results and Discussion â€Å"EFFECTIVENESS OF SOAP IN DAYS† Respondents| 1| 2| 3| 4| 5| Linger Abellana| Good| effective| effective| effective| effective| Mario Cabanag| Effective| effective| effective| effective| effective| Neljun Odiaz| good| good| good| good| fair| Clarence Tumanda| good| good| Effective| effective| effective| Ivy Carl geonzon| good| good| good| effective| effective| Jhon Sabellina| fair| fair| good| good| effective|Mary Ramirez| good| good| effective| effective| effective| Noel Cabrera| good| good| good| good| effective| Generalization: The researcher concludes that the guava leaves extract as main ingredient in making herbal soap for washing wounds is effective according to the respondents of the soap. Based on the number of days that they used the product, which is a proof that this herbal soap is effective. Herbal Cough Syrup: How To Make 1. Make a strong, concentrated infusion or decoction of your desired herbs. Use 2 to 3 times the amount of plant matter to water you would normally use for tea. . Strain out the herbs, and pour the liquid back into the pot 3. For each cup of liquid add twice the amount of hon ey. 4. Heat until the mixture is completely combined. Heat over a low flame, or use a double boiler as you do not want to boil the honey as it kills the healthful enzymes 5. Pour into sterilized canning jars and store away from heat and light. Store opened jars in the refrigerator. 6. You can extend the shelf life (between 6 months to a year), by adding a small amount of flavored brandy. How to Make Cough SyrupInstructions * 1 Bring two cups of water to a boil on the stove or in the microwave. You can use a pan as small as 2 quarts to make the cough syrup. * 2 Chop up some elecampane root into small pieces. Elecampane root is a natural cough suppressant and the whole root can be purchased at a health foods store. If you cannot find it, you can substitute ginger root. Add the root pieces to the boiling water. * 3 Boil the root for several minutes until it starts to become soft. Then, squeeze the juice from half a lemon and add it to the mixture.You can add juice from an entire lemon if you can stand the taste. * 4 Add a couple spoonfuls of honey to the cough syrup. The honey not only will soothe the throat, it covers up any unpleasant taste in the cough syrup. You can use anything else you desire to improve the taste such as sugar or peppermint. * 5 Pour in a couple spoonfuls of your favorite whiskey if you desire. The whiskey helps you relax and sleep and is good for a nighttime remedy. * 6 Make the cough syrup fresh every 4 to 6 hours and drink while your symptoms persist.

Emma VS Clueless essays

Emma VS Clueless essays The movie Clueless that came out in 1995 was smash hit at the box offices, and while being based on the nineteenth century novel Emma the two stories shared almost identical characteristics despite the time and location that they took place in. At the center of each story is a spoiled young woman. Clueless is centered on a young teen from LA and in the novel Emma; Emma stars a Spoiled young woman in high society nineteenth century England. Both young ladies are from a higher class than most and they both go through a maturing phase in life after a major calamity. Cher and Emma are both very arrogant at times and tend to think of themselves very highly. I think the reason for this is because they were both raised by there fathers, who are over indulgent at times as well as the fact that both of their mothers died while they were still very young. Im sure it is hard to find many personal flaws with yourself while you are provided with everything that you want. In the start of each story both Cher and Emma take mercy on new comers to their social rings. In Clueless a new girl from New York is landed in the middle of Chers school. Cher instantly sees this as one of her projects, she decides that she will take Tai the new girl in and teach her the rules and etiquette of someone of her social rank. Cher and he friend Dee take Tai around school and show her all of the social classes. They point out where she will fit and where she will not. Tai meets a boy that she likes at lunch, but when she shares the good news with her new friends she is scolded because of the boys social standing. Cher says that these Skateboarding hippies are unpolished and will bring Tai down and that no respectable girl actually dates them. The story of Emma is remarkably similar. In Emmas case she takes in Harriet Smith a girl of obvious lower class. When Harriet tells Emma of her new friendships she has made with the ma...

buy custom Bio 5th News Article essay

buy custom Bio 5th News Article essay HIV and AIDS is global pandemic. Many lives have been lost and approximately 40million people living with the HIV virus globally. The newsletter gives the meaning of HIV as human immunodeficiency virus and AIDS as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.HIV virus is transmitted through different ways which include having unprotected sexual intercourse with an infected partner, from pregnant mother to the unborn child during pregnancy, during birth or when breastfeeding an infant, using unsterilized needles and contaminated blood transfusion. Sexual intercourse is the leading mode of HIV virus transmission .Once the HIV virus gets in to the blood stream it infects the CD4+T cells which are important in fighting infections. The virus attacks the CD4+T and reduces them from their normal count which normally ranges between 500-1800 cells per cubic millimeter (mm3), to a count below 200 cells per cubic millimeter. The viruses replicate themselves before the body reacts to them. The virus devel ops in different stages before it becomes full blown AIDS which is also the last stage. The first stage is the primary stage or window stage, the symptoms are mild fevers, headaches, muscle pains and sores. These symptoms disappear after a few weeks. The second stage is the seroconversion stae, at this stage there are no symptoms and one is physically healthy and can spread the HIV virus. The third stage is the asymptomatic stage; the person still looks healthy but can infect other people if they have unprotected sexual intercourse. If a person takes an HIV test he/she might get false results. The next stage is the symptomatic stage. At this stage of infection, a person develops, sores on the throat, mouth, anus and genitals, reddish, purplish brownish and pinkish batches on the skin, memory loss, depression, slight weight loss in women, tiredness, hair loss , recurring fever , extreme tiredness and profuse night sweats, diarrhea . This does not mean that each person infected develops the symptoms immediately; some may take up to twelve years to show these signs. The HIV virus multiplies and continues weakening the body immune system of a person giving way to opportunistic diseases. The person becomes immune deficient or has now developed AIDS, which is a short form of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. The body can no longer fight opportunistic diseases such as; bacterial diseases like tuberculosis, pneumonia and blood poisoning, the body cannot also fight diseases caused by protozoans like toxoplasmosis, fungal diseases like candidiasis, and penicilliosis and viral diseaases like herpes simplex and herpes zoster which are more common in women than in men. These diseases develop at different times e, g malaria and pneumonia tuberculosis and herpes zoster occur in the early stages of the infection where else toxoplasmosis and PCP occur affecting major body organs. People with HIV/AIDS are more likely to get cancers like cervical cancer and Kaposis sarcoma and treatment using. The website gives different ways on how one can stay healthy even after testing positive. Once tested positive you should follow the prescription given by a medical provider which include antiretroviral therapy and treatment. The antiretroviral treatment prolongs the time between infection and onset of AIDS. Family and friends should provide emotional support and care for the infected person. HIV/AIDS epidemic has caused a great impact around the world .It has affected the economic growth in developing countries; many people can no longer go to work and a lot of funds have been diverted to fighting it. HIV /AIDS is a reality that all the people must accept so as to lead happy lives. This is because even if you are not infected you are affected and we should come to fight this epidemic. This can be done by protecting yourself when having sex and visiting health centers for testing and treatment. Buy custom Bio 5th News Article essay

Types of Convergent Plate Boundaries Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Types of Convergent Plate Boundaries - Essay Example In a continental collision, the subducting plate is usually a plate with the oceanic crust that moves beneath the other plate with oceanic crust, therefore, moving beneath the other plate which can be made of either oceanic or continental crust. It is evident that during collisions between two continental plates large mountains ranges such as the Himalayas Mountains are made in the process. There are three types of convergent boundaries that can be subdivided into subduction and non-subduction. During the subduction types, there are two plates that the meet, the denser, cooler and heavier plate will dive below the lighter. The most floating plate one as it gets deeper into the mantle it then melts and creates a new magma (Ernst, 325-330). In this convergent boundary, two plates meet with the oceanic crust colliding, the one plate will be denser and heavier than the other, therefore, making it subduct. After the creation of the new magma, it then rises to the surface and pokes through the ocean surface as a submarine volcano. Connectively continuing eruptions will form a larger seamount where more and more eruptions will then eventually create a dry volcanic island in the ocean floor that will continue to erupt and build as long as it has a continued magma source. There is the presence of water in the rocks of the oceanic plate since they are made under the water in the oceanic floor. As the plate moves further down into the subduction zone more water contained in the plate is then squeezed out from the rocks when the plate begins to subduct. Nevertheless, the recrystallization of ocean floor rocks such as the serpentine that is unstable in the upper mantle recrystallizes forming olivine, causing dehydration through a loss of hydroxyl groups. In this case of oceanic-oceanic collision, the made magma will be mafic in nature with high iron and magnesium low silica making it very viscous. This result to shield volcanoes, due to this activity along an entire plane many volcanoes are made hence having a volcanic island and an arc of the chain of volcanoes.  

Metapopulation models Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Metapopulation models - Essay Example It was first safeguarded in 1990, almost a century since the logging in their habitation began. The northern spotted owl acts like a fundament, a†core species†, a barometer for other forest dependent animals. Doak (1989) created another metapopulation method for the Northern spotted owl in which he managed to identify species from clustered territories. Yet, the model did not hold exact dimensional design and the two most important characteristics of spatial structure were missing. Doak (1989) believed that the survival and reproduction possibilities among the owls were independent both among their own population and within them. Such presumption of independent population forces could result in underestimation of the dangers of population drop. Doak (1989) also presumed that the dispersion rate between all populations was also equivalent. A very similar method was applied to populations for the Northern spotted owl by Thomas et al. (1990) in the territoy-clusted model and by Noon and McKelvey (1992) for California spotted owl. The natural unevenness of owl populations in the wild, combined with the unpredictability of population factors, turn probabilistic risk analysis with the use of stochastic devices into an irreplaceable tool for estimating the growth of animal population (Shaffer 1990; Ginzburg et al. 1990; Akcakaya 1992). The most important outcomes from Lande (1987) and Lamberson et al. (in press) are that the decay of satisfactory habitat together with the constantly deteriorating landscape with suitable environmental conditions for sustainable population growth will eventually lead to the extinction of these animals. In addition, unproven links between searching and finding mates leads us to believe that species can be somehow limited to a mating choice even if a suitable habitat is in presence. New evidence comes from a model of Lamberson et al (in press), where he shows a non-equilibrium nature of

Journal Article Critique Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Journal Article Critique - Assignment Example o establish whether the authors arrived at a valid conclusion given the elements of research that were used (participants, methods, measurement principles, and secondary sources of information). The participants of the study were composed of 101 employees of a Korean construction company and a quantitative method of research was used to validate the hypotheses that were noted (Raile, Kim, Choi, Serota, & Lee, 2008). The hypotheses were clearly stated as each measure of centrality was being determined in terms of its link to job satisfaction in the Korean workplace. This is therefore consistent with Keyton’s (2006) discussion on assessing hypotheses (Chapter 3). Further, as the variables were clearly established, a regression analysis effectively validated the significant relationships to the chosen variables, as computed and revealed in the results. As also required, issues of reliability and validity, as discussed by Keyton (2006) were noted and resolved. A discussion on limitations of the study clearly noted lack of sample and data for workplace friendship networks within the Korean setting. Therefore, as recommended, future research could address the limitations b y increasing the sample size and by applying the study in other work setting using diverse cultural orientations. The authors validly arrived at a conclusive evidence that there is a link between closeness and job satisfaction using the components of quantitative method effectively with verifiable and credible

Psychology and Personality Essay Example for Free

Psychology and Personality Essay The study of personality has a broad and varied history in psychology with an abundance of theoretical traditions. The major theories include dispositional trait perspective, psychodynamic, humanistic, biological, behaviorist, and social learning perspective. However, many researchers and psychologists do not explicitly identify themselves with a certain perspective and instead take an eclectic approach. Research in this area is empirically driven, such as dimensional models, based on multivariate statistics, such as factor analysis, or emphasizes theory development, such as that of the psychodynamic theory. There is also a substantial emphasis on the applied field of personality testing. In psychological education and training, the study of the nature of personality and its psychological development is usually reviewed as a prerequisite to courses in abnormal psychology or clinical psychology. Personality Paper Personality is connected with Darwins Theory of Evolution. It generally explains why there are personality differences between individuals.[ Schacter, Daniel; Gilbert, Daniel; Wegner, Daniel (2011).] Personality also refers to the pattern of thoughts, feelings, social adjustments, and behaviors consistently exhibited over time that strongly influences ones expectations, self-perceptions, values, and attitudes. It also predicts human reactions to other people, problems, and stress.[ Winnie, J.F. Gittinger, J.W. (1973)][ Krauskopf, C.J. Saunders, D.R, (1994)] There is still no universal consensus on the definition of personality in psychology. Gordon Allport described two major ways to study personality: the nomothetic and the idiographic. Nomothetic psychology seeks general laws that can be applied to many different people, such as the principle of self-actualization or the trait of extraversion. Idiographic psychology is an attempt to understand the unique aspects of a particular individual. The study of personality has a broad and varied history in psychology with an abundance of theoretical traditions. The major theories include dispositional trait perspective, psychodynamic, humanistic, biological, behaviorist, and social learning perspective. However, many researchers and psychologists do not explicitly identify themselves with a certain perspective and instead take an eclectic approach. Research in this area is empirically driven, such as dimensional models, based on multivariate statistics, such as factor analysis, or emphasizes theory development, such as that of the psychodynamic theory. There is also a substantial emphasis on the applied field of personality testing. In psychological education and training, the study of the nature of personality and its psychological development is usually reviewed as a prerequisite to courses in abnormal psychology or clinical psychology. Perspectives of Personality Many of the ideas developed by historical and modern personality theorists stem from the basic philosophical assumptions they hold. The study of personality is not a purely empirical discipline, as it brings in elements of art, science, and philosophy to draw general conclusions. Freedom versus determinism This idea seeks to answer whether humans have control over their own behavior and understand the motives behind it or our behavior is causally determined by forces beyond our control. Behavior is categorized as being unconscious, environmental, or biological by various theories. [Engler, Barbara (2008)]. Heredity versus environment Personality is thought to be determined largely by genetics and biology, by environment and experiences, or by some combination resulting thereof. Contemporary research suggests that most personality traits are based on the joint influence of genetics and environment. One of the forerunners in this arena is C. Robert Cloninger, who pioneered the Temperament and Character model.[ Engler, Barbara (2008).] Uniqueness versus universality This is the argument discussing the extent of each humans individuality Uniqueness or similarity in nature Universality. Gordon Allport, Abraham Maslow, and Carl Rogers were all advocates of the uniqueness of individuals. Behaviorists and cognitive theorists, in contrast, emphasize the importance of universal principles, such as reinforcement and self-efficacy.[ Engler, Barbara (2008).] Optimistic versus pessimistic Personality theories differ with regard to whether humans are integral in the changing of their own personalities. Theories that place a great deal of emphasis on learning are often more optimistic than those that do not. [Engler, Barbara (2008)]. Three Theories of Personality Development The study of personality is based on the essential insight that all people are similar in some ways, yet different in others.[ Phares, E.J.; Chaplin, W.F. (1997).] There have been many different definitions of personality proposed. However, many contemporary psychologists agree on the following definition: Personality is that pattern of characteristic thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that distinguishes one person from another and that persists over time and situations. [Phares, E.J.; Chaplin, W.F. (1997)]. Trait theories According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of the American Psychiatric Association, personality traits are enduring patterns of perceiving, relating to, and thinking about the environment and oneself that are exhibited in a wide range of social and personal contexts. Theorists generally assume that a) traits are relatively stable over time, b) traits differ among individuals, and c) traits influence behavior. They consistently are used in order to help define people as a whole. Traits are relatively constant; they do not usually change. Traits are also bipolar; they vary along a continuum between one extreme and the other (e.g. friendly vs. unfriendly).[ Feist, Jess Feist, Gregory J. (2009).] Behaviorist theories Behaviorists explain personality in terms of the effects external stimuli have on behavior. The approaches used to analyze the behavioral aspect of personality are known as behavioral theories or learning-conditioning theories. These approaches were a radical shift away from Freudian philosophy. One of the major tenets of this concentration of personality psychology is a strong emphasis on scientific thinking and experimentation. Humanistic theories Humanistic psychology emphasizes that people have free will and that this plays an active role in determining how they behave. Humanistic therapy typically relies on the client for information of the past and its effect on the present, therefore the client dictates the type of guidance the therapist may initiate. This allows for an individualized approach to therapy. Personality Tests There are two major types of personality tests, projective and objective. Projective tests assume personality is primarily unconscious and assess an individual by how he or she responds to an ambiguous stimulus, such as an ink blot. Projective tests have been in use for about 60 years and continue to be used today. Objective tests assume personality is consciously accessible and measure it by self-report questionnaires. Research on psychological assessment has generally found objective tests are more valid and reliable than projective tests. Critics have pointed to the Forer effect to suggest some of these appear to be more accurate and discriminating than they really are. Issues within Testing Issues with these tests include, false reporting because there is no way to tell if an individual is answering a question honestly or accurately. Conclusion There are many theories on how a person develops a certain type of personality. A person’s personality is what defines them in all aspects of their life. People believe that you are molded into what you are today, but theories have proven that some people lead by example and some learn by example. If anyone is curious as to what type of personality they have, there are my types of assessments available to take that can tell you.

The Elderly in the Workplace :: Psychology, Civil Rights Act

While Industrial and Organizational Psychology can be traced back almost to the very beginning of psychology, it did not truly become the science that it is today until 1964 (Landy & Conte, 2010). The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was â€Å"federal legislation that prohibits employment discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin† (Landy & Conte, 2010, p. 22). The Act, which made a great impact on the workplace, may not have been directly connected to I/O Psychology, but it appears to have ushered in the modernization of I/O Psychology (Landy & Conte, 2010). The first of many changes that occurred in I/O Psychology occurred in 1973 (Landy & Conte, 2010). It was then that the word organizational was added to the Industrial Psychology name to make it I/O Psychology (Landy & Conte, 2010). This change came about after it became apparent that it was just as beneficial to study group behavior rather than just individual behavior in the workplace (Landy & Conte, 2010). Our textbook says that the name was altered to stress that an individual who is part of an organization will be subject â€Å"to a common goal and a common set of operating procedures† (Landy & Conte, 2010, p. 23). The changing of the name may be one of the most blatant changes in I/O Psychology, but there were other changes as well. For instance, prior to the field being modernized, it placed great emphasis on mental ability tests (Landy & Conte, 2010). Currently, instead of being the main focus, they are now viewed as just being one of many things that are considered important to I/O Psychologists. A second example is that the individual branches of industrial psychology used to see themselves as separate entities and were perhaps competing rather than working together for the same goal (Landy & Conte, 2010). Luckily, the individual branches now see the importance of working together and have switched their views regarding work behavior and have now adopted a systems view (Landy & Conte, 2010). This changed outlook recognizes that there are multiple variables that impact the behavior that is seen at the workplace (Landy & Conte, 2010). One challenge that is affecting today’s workplace and that could be addressed by I/O Psychologists involves the elderly and the technology that seems to be constantly advancing. Elderly people are retiring at a later age than they did in the past, which can be connected to the economy as well as to other things.

Changes to the American Empire During 1790 to 1850

American imperium alteration from the 1790s to the 1850s The unusual struggle that split American life in the 1790s concentrated on conflicting position of the significance of the American Revolution and the manner its tradition could be developed into a new province. The profound misinterpretation of the 1790s inspired the growing in American political relations. Throughout revolution patriots anticipated and demanded all people give the support because it was the lone manner for the public good. Many Americans held that was a individual place to travel on this political issue It was unfortunate for John Adams to be the president during these disruptive times. He was a existent nationalist and deeply principled. It was during his term of office that by 1798 he and Federalist Congress had enacted many Torahs that adversely chopped off Americans civil autonomies. To Adams political critics were faithless oppositions of good authorities where he intensified domestic dictatorship under the leading Congress leaders. In so making he was utilizing his ain party in chairing control and as a agency to work the chauvinistic enthusiasm to his ain advantage. The difference that alienates our perceptual experience from those of Adams and his Federalist companions in the late 1790s unmaskings basic revolution of American political idea The philosophical alterations that started by Gallic Revolution had immense effects in France and many European states. It helped to alter American political relations get downing from mid 1790s. It had in the beginning receive overpowering support in the United States but it subsequently lets to divergent positions in America because of radicalization in 1792-1793 America grew and changed from 1750-1850 in all domains i.e. politically socially and economically. In societal and cultural alteration, art changed which was started by Hudson River school motion. American painters for the first clip started their manner, for case Thomas Cole, who gave the American its individuality by switching off from England manner of picture and gave more concentration on landscaping. Literature on the other manus changed whereby authors started prosecuting themselves on American subjects. During this clip the indigens were ill treated by the foreigners. Foreigners introduced remotion policy which forced the Native American move from their hereditary lands. This act was propelled passing of the Removal Act in 1830.Cherokees in 1838 were forced to travel 100s of stat mis from their places to settle in West of the Mississippi river. This motion was referred to â€Å"trial of tears† . Economic alterations took topographic point which majorly affected how America made money, how people earned a life, engineering and trade. In transit changed how goods were ferried from one topographic point to another. This was enabled due to the debut steamboats, canal edifice. Farmers earned more money due to faster and cheaper transportation of green goods to the markets. Progresss in engineering i.e. in of the telegraph by Samuel Morris improved communicating at big since messages could make the receiver in proceedingss unlike months. Invention of whirling Jenny by James Hargreaves changed the fabric industry immensely. Factories emerged ; the first successful mill in the US was started by Moses and Samuel Slater. The Factory was made up of Millss which spin yam. Slater bought the cognition from England where he was working. This aided the sprout of successful mill in America. The British fabric factory engineering brought to the U.S was upgraded by Francis Cabot. He combined b oth the turning of yarn and the weaving of apparels in one mill. It was started in Lowell Massachusetts in 1821. A Boston associate was formed by Lowell and outstanding business communities to finance the factory. As mills grew interchangeable parts and industrial rebellion thought came up. Eli Whitney came up with the idea. The chief docket was to utilize the machine to develop all parts likewise, therefore salvaging clip and money in the industry. This aided the rapid growing of the industrial revolution. As money changed therefore the alterations in foreign policy besides took topographic point. America changed from thought of isolation to neutrality. The chief end was to merchandise with all states and acquiring involved in developing them. The president at that clip was Monroe. President Monroe due to his concern about European states colonising South America ; he made a bold statement warning them to remain off from Latin America. Due to weak military the policy was difficult to continue but the backup of England came in ready to hand. The statement by President Monroe aided to determine the foreign policy for many old ages. American’s belief of manifest Destiny brought approximately political alterations. The belief stated that U.S had the authorization and duty to spread out ocean to ocean. They achieved this through sign language pacts, annexing and purchasing of land from Latin Americans. The Louisiana Purchase made in 1803 by Thomas Jefferson is a good illustration. He used $ 15 million on 800,000 square stat mis belongings which was about twice size of the U.S. Jefferson decided to look for adventurers to map and analyze wildlife. This occupation was given to Lewis and Clerk. American exceptionalism is an enterprise that America is fundamentally different from other states. This point of view has dominated American economic sciences, political relations and faith for many old ages. Several early settlers proclaimed themselves to be an component of a exclusive venture with plentiful natural wealth, equity of society and faiths. It was non up to the rebellion that exceptionalism took on unfastened political intensions. The oratory of the current democratic government was often connected with expansionist pressing. This aligned foreign policy which stood on the strong belief that to spread out American democracy was reciprocally right and ineluctable. American exceptionalism changed as they enlargement took topographic point. United State and its citizen perceive that they hold the particular topographic point on Earth, by offering opportunity and outlook for world, ensuing from an exceeding sense of balance of public and private benefit governed by legitimate rules that focused on single and economic autonomy. A high spot in the yesteryear of American Exceptionalism is the American rebellion. The ideas that shaped the American rebellion were eventful from a usage of republicanism that has been affected by the British mainstream. Thomas Paine’s general logic for the first point in clip articulated the strong belief that America was non an enlargement of Europe except a new district, a province of about illimitable prospective and opening that had over shined the Britain. These sentiments lay the rational footing for the extremist perceptual experience of American exceptionalism and were strongly attached to republicanism, t he perceptual experience that rule belonged to the citizens, non to a catching opinion category. Alexis de Tocqueville insisted the advanced environment of democratic system in America, in difference that it infused each characteristic of society and traditions, at a minute ( 1830s ) when societal equality was non in tendency anyplace else.

Geographic History of Henequen in Yucatan, Mexico Essay

In Yucatan, Mexico, one of the main considered exports has been henequen that can be obtained from the plant Agave Fourcroydes. The henequen fiber has become significant to the economic stand of Yucatan since this product has conceived intense demand by international importers, such as the United States, China, Europe, etc. According to Cook (1994), during 1990s, the production of henequen has surged to a total economic export of 150,000 tons annually. In fact, the main production of henequen originates mainly from the state of Yucatan Mexico (p. 29). The state of Yucatan, Mexico, has significantly obtained economic benefits from the exports made through these henequen fibers, such as rope, rigs, sacks, and raw forms. They are usually shipped within the proximity of Merida and other cores of henequen production (Patch, 1993 p. 206). The bloom of henequen during the nineteenth century has significantly boosted the economy of the state, especially considering that they are world’s main exported of this product. From the analysis of the blooms’ occurrence, significant characteristics that have been present in the topographical condition of the state caused this immense bloom and production. The geography and climate of Yucatan State have been considered unique and very much suitable to the growth of henequen. In addition, considering the trends of exports and demands during the early 1900s, the market needs have significantly affected the consumption of the product. However, as the late nineteenth century approaches, the decline in the henequen demand in the market due to various reasons, such as competition, discovery of alternative products and conversion of haciendas in Yucatan, has become significantly noticeable. In the study, the discussion gives emphasis on the chronological history of henequen exports from Yucatan, Mexico. The study starts with the analysis of henequen bloom during the early 1900s until its significant decline during the late 20th century. The study also provides important facts on henequen growth, export historical trends contribution of climate for its growth, and the history of its market decline. Discussion Geography of Yucatan The most evident characteristic of Yucatan Peninsula is the presence of limestone shelf from the eastern to western sections that surfaces above sea level. The limestone shelf of Yucatan is present even below the sea, which is very much evident in the eastern Caribbean side. The key to the growth of Yucatan henequen is the thin limestone soils present as one of the characteristics of their lands (Sauer, 1993 p. 178). The areas of Merida and Ticul comprise the flat plains of Yucatan abundant in limestone deposits. Viewing the areas 60 km south from Merida, vast plains of Yucatan limestone are very much evident and the river areas are flow under the soil. According to Greensfelder & Dogett (2006), the significant characteristic of limestone present in Yucatan is the porous feature, which enables storage of mineral deposits as well as water source. Such features are important in promoting the growth of henequen plants, since the limestone act as the primary nutrient banks of crop roots (p. 17). The borders of the Yucatan state involve the Campeche located in the southern portion, Quintana Roo in the southeastern portion, and the Gulf of Mexico in the north and western perspective. Throughout the peninsula, lakes called lagunas are very much evident and from here on, Yucatan has also utilized cenotes or the collapsed freshwater caverns in order to obtain their freshwater. Yucatan also has their limestone pools called chenes, which also acts as their freshwater storage since the water deposits are usually brought by the underground streams. From this variety of ecologic characteristics has aroused the vast variation of exotic flora and fauna that kept the survival of Mayan civilization present in the area (Perry, 2001 p. 9). Climatology of Yucatan The Yucatan climate entails humid temperatures from November to February, while the driest season progress from November to April. Yucatan climatology is usually tropical and hot temperature progresses in an annual scope. The average annual temperatures for the Mexican Caribbean is 78 degrees F or 25. 5 degrees C with significant deviations of 5 to 7 degrees F. During the day temperatures can push into the 80s and overnight temperatures can drop as low as the 50s and low 60s degree F. The coolest months in this region are the between December to February, where the average highs are from 74 to 76 degrees F (Page, 2005 p. 10). Analyzing one of the areas where henequen is prominently produced, Merida, which is tropical and humid, obtains the annual precipitation of about 1,050mm, which signifies to potential evapotransportation of 2,000 mm (Anton, 1996 p. 118). The climatic condition of wet and dry area has been beneficial to the industry of henequen growth since this plant tend to adapt to tropical and humid environment, which describes Yucatan peninsula as the perfect place. Added by Anton (1996), the precipitation rates present in the entire peninsula accounts to a variation of 500 mm near the northwestern shore to more than 1,300 mm in the northeastern (p. 118). The Yucatan climate has been viewed as one of the contributors for the plant’s intense growth. The Agave Fourcroydes (Henequen) The henequen plant is very similar to the usual African sisal; hence, it has acquired the name Yucatan Sisal. The Agave fourcroydes plant can be easily recognized through their leaves that have a prickly and grayish green color. The leaves are processed in the same fashion as sisal, while the strands are carefully cleansed and place under the sun to dry (Cook, 1984 p. 29). The henequen stalks can extend up to 2 meters long and 10 cm to 15 cm wide. The preferential disadvantage of this plant is the presence of thorns, which is also viewed as one of the primary reasons for the preference of consumer to African sisal since stalks their stalks are free from thorns. A cultivated henequen plant can yield about 25 leaves annually from the fifth to the 16th year after its planting. Most commonly, the henequen plant can survive and grow for seven years without intensive maintenance. In fact, with the favorable topographical condition of Yucatan, the henequen plant usually survives without being attended by farmers (Greensfelder and Doggett, 2003 p. 191). The process of extracting fiber from this plant involves the cutting of their leaves and, from the factories; they grind these until the fiber strands are revealed. The main use of henequen is for the binder twine in wheat harvesting. The advantage of henequen product over synthetic fibers is its resistance to marine life propagation, such as algae, barnacles, etc (Greensfelder and Doggett, 2003 p. 191).